Export operations must be accompanied by a series of documents, generally required by importing clients and the regulations of the export markets, in addition to our own regulations.
It is important to pay attention to these requirements, otherwise problems may arise during the departure of the country, the entry and withdrawal of the products at destination, generating costs for demurrage of the cargo, fines, additional costs, even detention and rejection of the cargo. commodity.
The main documents required for the export operation are:
Commercial invoice: Issued by the exporter at the order of the importer / buyer as proof of the sale made. It contains information on the price paid or payable that will serve as the basis for determining the tax base on which import taxes will be paid in the buyer country (name of the importer, description of the merchandise, price, place and final conditions of sale) .
Bill of lading: Receipt that proves the shipment of the merchandise, without this title the merchandise cannot be withdrawn at the destination. According to the means of transport it takes the specific name, Maritime Bill of Lading or "Bill of Lading" if it is by sea; Airway Bill of Lading, if it is by air or Bill of Lading, for ground transportation. This document contains information on the freight paid or payable, which depending on the importing country will form part of the tax base on which import taxes and duties will be paid.
Insurance policy: If the chosen Incoterm implies the seller's obligation to take out transport insurance in favor of the buyer, then the exporter must purchase an insurance policy (coverage agreed by both parties) from an insurance company. Optionally, the buyer can take out the insurance on their own.
Certificate of origin: Allows to identify and guarantee the origin of the goods, allowing exporters to make use of the tariff preferences granted by the importing country. This document is issued by the Chambers of Commerce of both Lima and the Provinces.
Phytosanitary certificate, for fresh agricultural and livestock products, issued by SENASA.
Animal health certificate, for animal species, issued by SENASA
Health certificate,extended by DIGESA for food and beverages. These certificates (phyto, zoo and health) are intended to ensure that export products are free of pests and diseases and that they guarantee their safety. They are issued by the country's health authorities.
CITES certificate: document that is required to export animals and plants and wood, this document is processed in INRENA.
Packing List or "packing list": Issued by the exporter, it contains the data related to the product to facilitate its location and handling (details of all the merchandise shipped or all the components of the same merchandise).
Customs declaration: Customs document that has the character of an Affidavit. It is prepared by the customs agent hired by the exporter and is used to request before the Customs of the country the export clearance of national and nationalized merchandise (See export procedures).
Boarding order: It is prepared by the customs agent and is presented at the time of requesting the shipment of the goods.
It is important to clarify that there may be more requirements, both on the side of the destination country and the importer, which may imply the presentation of an additional document. In the case of the United States, the exporting company must make sure to send the Prior Notification of Imported Food, one of the regulations required under the Law against Bioterrorism. This Notice is made electronically.
The
alternatives available to an exporter to negotiate prices with their clients
depends a lot on how much information they have about their resources and
values; These factors will determine your strength in the negotiation process,
applying an appropriate pricing strategy.
